ସୋଡ଼ିଅମ ଥାଇଓପେଣ୍ଟାଲ

ସୋଡ଼ିଅମ ଥାଇଓପେଣ୍ଟାଲ
Clinical data
Trade names	Pentothal, Sodium Pentothal, Trapanal, others
Synonyms	Thiopental sodium, thiopental, thiopentone, truth serum
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
Pregnancy; category	AU: D ; ;
Routes of; administration	Intravenous (most common), by mouth, rectal
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S4 (Prescription only) ; CA: Schedule IV ; UK: Class B ; US: Schedule III ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	80%
Metabolism	Liver
Metabolites	Pentobarbital, others
Onset of action	< 45 sec
Elimination half-life	5.5–26 hours
Duration of action	5–15 min
Identifiers
	IUPAC name sodium 5-ethyl-5-pentan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-diazinane-4,6-dione;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.694
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C11H17N2NaO2S
Molar mass	୨୬୪.୩୨ g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES [Na+].O=C1NC(=S)/N=C(/[O-])C1(C(C)CCC)CC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C11H18N2O2S.Na/c1-4-6-7(3)11(5-2)8(14)12-10(16)13-9(11)15;/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3,(H2,12,13,14,15,16);/q;+1/p-1 ; Key:AWLILQARPMWUHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M ;
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ସୋଡ଼ିଅମ ଥାୟୋପେଣ୍ଟାଲ, ଯାହା କେବଳ ଥାୟୋପେଣ୍ଟାଲ ଭାବରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ଜଣାଶୁଣା ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଟ୍ରାପାନାଲ୍ ବ୍ରାଣ୍ଡ ନାମରେ ବିକ୍ରି ହୁଏ, ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ ନିଶ୍ଚେତକ ।^[୧] ଏହା ନିଶ୍ଚେତକ ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ, ଷ୍ଟାଟସ୍ ଏପିଲିପ୍ଟିକସ୍ ବା ସାଂଘାତିକ ଅପସ୍ମାର ଏବଂ ଭେଣ୍ଟିଲେଟ୍ ହୋଇଥିବା ଲୋକମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଇଣ୍ଟାକ୍ରାନିଆଲ୍ ଚାପ ବୃଦ୍ଧି ହେଉଥିଲେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୁଏ । ^[୨] ଏହା ଏକ ଶିରାରେ ଇଞ୍ଜେକସନ ଆକାରରେ ଦିଆଯାଏ ।^[୨] ଏହାର ପ୍ରଭାବ ୪୫ ସେକେଣ୍ଡରୁ କମ ସମୟରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ ଓ ପ୍ରାୟ ୫ ରୁ ୧୫ ମିନିଟର ଅବଧି ରହିଥାଏ ।^[୪]

ସାଧାରଣ ପାର୍ଶ୍ୱ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ ଶ୍ୱାସକ୍ରିୟା ବନ୍ଦ ହେବା, ଅନିୟମିତ ହୃତ୍ ସ୍ପନ୍ଦନ ଏବଂ ହୃତ୍‌ପିଣ୍ଡର ସଂଙ୍କୋଚନ ଶକ୍ତି ହ୍ରାସ ହୋଇଯାଏ ।^[୨] ^[୩] ଆନାଫିଲାକ୍‌ସିସ ହୋଇପାରେ, ଯେପରି କୋମଳ ତନ୍ତୁରେ ଇଞ୍ଜେକ୍ସନ ଦିଆଗଲେ ତନ୍ତୁ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ହୋଇପାରେ ।^[୩] ଅପବ୍ୟବହାରର ମଧ୍ୟମ ଧରଣର ସଙ୍କଟ ଅଛି ।^[୧] ବ୍ୟବହାର କଲା ପରେ ସ୍ତନ୍ୟପାନ କରାଯାଇପାରେ ।^[୨] ଏହା ଏକ ବାର୍ବିଟ୍ୟୁରେଟ୍ ଏବଂ ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକଳାପକୁ ମନ୍ଥର କରି କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରେ କ୍ଷମ ହୁଏ ।^[୧]

୧୯୩୪ ମସିହାରେ ସୋଡ଼ିଅମ ଥାୟୋପେଣ୍ଟାଲ ଆବିଷ୍କୃତ ହୋଇଥିଲା ।^[୭] ପ୍ରୋଫୋଫୋଲର ବିକଳ୍ପ ଭାବରେ ଏହାର ନାମ ବିଶ୍ୱ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ସଂଗଠନର ଜରୁରୀ ଔଷଧ ତାଲିକାରେ ଅଛି ।^[୮] ୨୦୧୧ ପରଠାରୁ ଏହା ଆଉ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରରେ ବିକ୍ରି ହେଉନାହିଁ ^[୯] ଯୁକ୍ତରାଜ୍ୟରେ ଏକ ୫୦୦ ମିଗ୍ରା ଭାଏଲ ମୂଲ୍ୟ ୨୦୨୩ ସୁଦ୍ଧା ପ୍ରାୟ ୬ ପାଉଣ୍ଡ ଥିଲା । ^[୧୦]

ଆଧାର

↑ ^୧.୦ ^୧.୧ ^୧.୨ ^୧.୩ "Thiopental". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
↑ ^୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ "Thiopental sodium". BNF. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
↑ ^୩.୦ ^୩.୧ ^୩.୨ Seth (2009). Textbook Of Pharmacology. Elsevier India. p. SA111-PA14. ISBN 9788131211588. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
↑ ^୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ Kost, Michael (2004). Moderate Sedation/Analgesia: Core Competencies for Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 114. ISBN 9780721603247. Archived from the original on 2023-09-13. Retrieved 2023-09-12.
↑ Russo H, Brès J, Duboin MP, Roquefeuil B (1995). "Pharmacokinetics of thiopental after single and multiple intravenous doses in critical care patients". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 49 (1–2): 127–37. doi:10.1007/BF00192371. PMID 8751034. S2CID 24285007.
↑ Morgan DJ, Blackman GL, Paull JD, Wolf LJ (June 1981). "Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. II: Studies at cesarean section". Anesthesiology. 54 (6): 474–80. doi:10.1097/00000542-198106000-00006. PMID 7235275.
↑ Ravina, Enrique (2011). The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs. John Wiley & Sons. p. 35. ISBN 9783527326693. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
↑ World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.
↑ Mason, Keira (2021). Pediatric Sedation Outside of the Operating Room: A Multispecialty International Collaboration. Springer Nature. ISBN 9783030584061. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
↑ "Thiopental sodium Medicinal forms". BNF. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.

[MTM2023-1] ୧.୦ ^୧.୧ ^୧.୨ ^୧.୩ "Thiopental". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.

[BNF2023-2] ୨.୦ ^୨.୧ ^୨.୨ ^୨.୩ ^୨.୪ "Thiopental sodium". BNF. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.

[Seth2009-3] ୩.୦ ^୩.୧ ^୩.୨ Seth (2009). Textbook Of Pharmacology. Elsevier India. p. SA111-PA14. ISBN 9788131211588. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.

[Kos2004-4] ୪.୦ ^୪.୧ ^୪.୨ Kost, Michael (2004). Moderate Sedation/Analgesia: Core Competencies for Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 114. ISBN 9780721603247. Archived from the original on 2023-09-13. Retrieved 2023-09-12.

[5] Russo H, Brès J, Duboin MP, Roquefeuil B (1995). "Pharmacokinetics of thiopental after single and multiple intravenous doses in critical care patients". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 49 (1–2): 127–37. doi:10.1007/BF00192371. PMID 8751034. S2CID 24285007.

[Pharmacokinetics_and_plasma_binding-6] Morgan DJ, Blackman GL, Paull JD, Wolf LJ (June 1981). "Pharmacokinetics and plasma binding of thiopental. II: Studies at cesarean section". Anesthesiology. 54 (6): 474–80. doi:10.1097/00000542-198106000-00006. PMID 7235275.

[7] Ravina, Enrique (2011). The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs. John Wiley & Sons. p. 35. ISBN 9783527326693. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.

[WHO23rd-8] World Health Organization (2023). The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/371090. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.

[9] Mason, Keira (2021). Pediatric Sedation Outside of the Operating Room: A Multispecialty International Collaboration. Springer Nature. ISBN 9783030584061. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.

[10] "Thiopental sodium Medicinal forms". BNF. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.

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